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 Sound is a vibration that propagates as an acoustic wave. It is a kind of energy.  To make a sound, something has to vibrate — whether that’s the string of a guitar, the larynx (voice box) of a person, or the loudspeakers of your radio.   Sound waves consist of vibrating particles , which knock into other particles, causing those particles to vibrate and knock into more particles, and so on and so forth; this is how sound waves travel away from their source.   We hear sounds because the vibrations in the air cause our eardrums to vibrate , and these vibrations are converted into nerve signals that are sent to our brains. Study the PDF below (for academic use only) Understanding Sound for Media Elements of Sound The amplitude: The amplitude is the height of the wave on the graph from the middle to its highest point. The amplitude determines a sound’s volume — sound waves of higher amplitude are louder. The frequency: The number of rarefactions and compressions that occur per unit time

 A microphone, colloquially called a mic or mike, is a transducer (a device that converts energy from one form to another) that converts sound into an electrical signal. Study the PDF below (for academic use only) Microphones PDF Kinds of Microphones A cardioid microphone has a unidirectional cardioid polar/pickup pattern. It is most sensitive to on-axis sounds (where the mic “points”). A hypercardioid mic has a tighter pickup angle and offers more side-rejection than a cardioid pattern. It is, however, slightly sensitive to sound sources that are directly behind the mic. Omnidirectional microphones are microphones that pick up sound with equal gain from all sides or directions of the microphone. A bidirectional mic , sometimes called a figure-of-eight, is equally sensitive to sounds coming from the front and rear of the mic and least sensitive to sounds coming from the sides. Shotgun polar pattern is exceptionally narrow and focused. This makes it flawless at recording a sound